Concrete-bridge construction.



W. M. THOMAS. 00N CRETE BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION.

Patented Mar. 16, 1909. 4 SHEETS-SHEET l.

W. M. THOMAS.

CONCRETE BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 30, 1908.

'Patented Mar. 16, 1909.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

(Kwest. www

W. M. THOMAS.

GONQRETE BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION.

AIPLIOATION FILED IAN. 30, 190B.

Patented Mar. 16, 1909. 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

CM l

` W. M. THOMAS.

CONCRETE BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLIUATION EILEDv JAN. 30, 1908.

Patented Mar. 16, 1909.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

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censeurs-BRIDGE ooNsrnue'rroN.-

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patentes March 16, ieeei Appiicstion mea January so', isos. serial Nafeises.

'To all 'whore 'itfmay concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM Cruzand State of California, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements4 in Concrete-Bridge Constructions, of which the following is a full, clear, and, exact description, reference being hadto the accompanying drawings, forming part or'this specificaf` tion. l l

My invention relates to the construction of concrete bridges and it has Jfor its object the Y production of a structure of this character in hich the abutments are reinforced both longitudinally and transversely andwhich include reinforced cantaliver arms.

A further object of myinvention 1s vide reinforced segmental arch sections which may be produced prior to mounting them in the'bridge structure and rovide these archsections with means whereby they are adjustably mounted in the bridge structure.

A further objectief my invention'isto pro- -videffor 'an eflicient reinforced connection between various arch sections employed in the bridge structure.

, Figure I is a vertical longitudinal section ltaken through a fstructed in accor ance with my Aimproveorton of a bridge conment. Fig. II is a horizontal section taken l throughthe structuralparts shown in Fig. -I.

Fig. I through the archsections of'thefbridgestrua.

I is an nlargedvertical section taken ture own m'F-JgsI and ,II and the structural-.elements ofthe bridge above these srch sections. -F 4IV .is -a longitudinall section i takentlirougIi the framework otl one of the abutments of the bridge structure. Fig. V

isalongitudinal section'taken through onev vextending reinforcing members 1*? and 1,

. of the arch sections a part-oi1 amating arch sectionv and apart 'of one of the abutments and 'showing .the reinforcinl Fig. V iis an-enlarged per-1 y spect've-view'of- -the,-reinforcin framework;

'framework within said members.-

played. in .the v,abutrnentsi'being to pro- A between which and sectiiin,l through the crownends A movably fitted to each other. Fig. VIII is a M. THOMAS, a citizen of the United States of America, residing a=t Santa Cruz, in the county of Santa cross section taken on line VIII-VIII, Fig. VI. Fig. IX is an elevation of one of the crown hinge members ofthe arch sections.

Fig. X is a cross section taken online X- VII through one of the arch sections'. 1g.

XI is a vertical `cross section taken on line XI-XI, Fig. I. Fig. XII is a top or plan view of the arch sections illustrated as they appear when mounted in a bridge structure and connected to each other before concrete webs are molded between the arch sections to inclose the tie members. -Fig. XIII is a View partly in elevation and partly 'in vertical section illustrating a modified form oi' hinge that may be used at the junction of the arch sections with the abutments of a bridge f to furnish antifriction bearings in the hinges.

Fig. XIV is a view partlyin elevation and artly insection of the antifriction bearing evce shown in Fig. XIII.

Referring to the accompanying drawings: A designates one of crete bridge and cated at a distance is asecond abutment lorom the abutment A and said abutment A the arch yconstructed in accordance with my invention is located. V The abutment A comprises an arch B, an invert Cand a cantaliverl arm D, and said abutment is-'ma'inly constructed of concrete but has reinlorcing elements 'therein which I will proceed to describe.

1 designates ,reinforcing ribs, and IV, of the'abutment A vwhich include trussing and tie members that may .be arranged many suitable manner for the purpose of resisting the strain 'that isimpose'd upon said ribs. The several ribs are united the abutments of a con see Figs.- II- by ties 1', see Fig. II. Each rein-forcing rib l in my bridge structure vhas associated with it on one side a stay frame having upwardly ing 'members 5 by .which the` other rein longitudinal reinforcingmemhersif andtrans` r Verse reinforcing. members 7 whichar'eunited Orcmg members ofthe cantahver armate relnforeed, `The inYert C of .the abutment A.' Acontains by a luralit .of concrete cross webs 8, see

Figs. and I in which the transverserein- L forcing"v tie members are situated and the longitudinal reinforcing members of the ribs are incased within longitudinal concrete Webs 9. v The webs 8 and 9 are united by horizontalv v or floor webs 10 and as a consequence the re- '1'5 -inforcin'g members of the abutment ribs are entirely protected by being surrounded by u concrete'. vThe cells produced by the prof duction ofthe webs mentioned may be, if desired, filled with sand, loam, or vother suitable material.y

sections in my bridge structure that are adapted to be mounted between the abutments A and X, or between additional abut'- ments of the bridge'structure.- These segmental arch sections, which constitute the haunches of the arch,A have incorporated therein reinforcing ribs that are embedded in lthe concrete. These reinforcing ribs are pat terned "somewhat after the reinforcing framework shown and described in U. S. Letters Patent No. 805,762, issuedNovember 28,

: 1905, to John S.-Thomas and myself. vThe reinforcing ribs comprise u per pairs of longitudinal rods 11, preferablp of rolled metal, that are bent to radius yo the circle ofthe rarch that is to be produced andlower pairs of longitudinal rods 12 parallel with thel u The' upper pairs of ro sper palrs of rods 11. 40 11 are nearest to the'extrados of the arch and thelower airs of rods 12 are nearest to the `intrados ol) the larch when the arch sections kare assembled `in the bridge'structure and'I willvhereinafter referto the rods11 as longitudinal-extrado rods'and the rods 12as longitudinalintr'ado rods for the purpose of dis- -2 tinguishing them from each other. There is preferablyone pair of eXtrado rods and one pair of intrado rods in eacharch section. l13 arecrossed strut plates that are disposed ydiagonally across the longitudinal eXtrado rods .11 and longitudinal intrado rods 12 and d are preferably threaded onto these ro s.`v

- 14Aare wire stays and byfwhich the strut plates 13 are held in positiony in the ribs of thegsegmental arch sections. In making the 'sta S14' of wire,j I pass ythe wires. over the "ro s 11'and under the rods 12 and across the `up erfends--ofthe strut lates 1 3v and lower en of the next strut p ates 13 to, produce 'loops extending around these parts-and their umte'the ends of thewires by twisting said together across the Abodies-'of `the stays 5 thereby'causing the` stays to exert a tightenand E are the `concrete `segmental arch ing action upon the strut plates to hold'them firmly. The strut plates and stays connect-- ing the eXtrado and intradorods at one side o f each segmental arch rib are placeddiagonally in one eneral direction while the strut plates an stays connecting the other pair of said rods in the same rib are disposed iagonally` in the opposite general direction thereby affording greater resistance in the ribs than would` beaifdrded if the strut plates and stays were all arranged in one general direction. The strut plates 13 are extended beyond thelongitudinal extrado rods 11 and project through the eXtrados of the segmental arch sections, as seen inFigs. V and VII when said 'sections 'are produced'. The extensions thus' rovided serve as ties when the spandrel wal is built up above the arch in my bridge structure.

lwires serve to provide vbraces for lateral 9i) .reinforcement of the rodsfto which they are ap lied.

t .the abutment Aend of eachsegmental arch section is a lsemi-circular hin e member 15 having radial flanges 15aan which is 95 `secured by itsfradial flanges 415a in la suitable manner to the longitudinalextrad and intrado rods of the-arch section ribs and which has fitted to? itsou'ter facea correspondingly shaped vrotective sheet 16 of non-corrosive materia such as cop "er havin flanges 16a lapping the ed es oftlie radial anges 15 of the hinge mem er 1.5.' Atthecr'own end ofl each segmental arch sectionE and suitably secured tothe longitudinal extrado and in'- trado rods .is a crown hinge plate 1-7 that is provided with pockets 18 that receive mem' bers to be presently mentioned.v The hinge plate 17 has applied toits face a' protective sheet, 19 of copper orother suitable non-'110 mounted in it a plurality of bolts -or pins 21y 11.5 l

that are provided withroundheads 22 lo' cated at the face .of said `hinge plate 20. The bolts or pins 21'areof non-corrosive material and they are adapted,- when'v the arch sections El and E are assembled, to 120v enter the pockets 18 in the hingeplate 17 to v act asco s and permit movement yof the crown of t e arch 1n whichthe arch sectionsV A. E and E aire incorporated. By this con struction I rovide-'an-arch. that is susceptible 125A A of rising and) 'ivev strainsl orw'hen'- expansion and c ontraction takeplace Ainijthebridge structure. The

. 'Simarly;t0`the l1inge .plete l 17,v protecte at 1its`f'f'acebya`a ;.prctective` 130 fallingwliensubjected to excesshinge plate;2

' `been.constructed-inthe-manner described,

'seeFigs V, VI and wardlyfrom the plates and contain slots 26 sheet '23 VCOPPer'i-'crliother noni-corrosive material` f s After the segmen talisection arch ribs-.have

and. previous to thelmountingof .thearch' sections ina bridge structure I lay said-ribs in .a' suitable-moldproperly shaped to pro! ducetheextrados Aand intrados of an arch v and-fill the -moll with'c'oncrete-with the result of wholly 'embeddino'l the ribs in concrete with .theexception of their 4hinge .members located-at theabutment and crown ends of '"the archsectionsf By thislan of. making.

'thegarchsections I amenabzled to produce. them .in a condition ready to be put in placev in a concrete bridge and dis ense with the 'erection'of,false-Work and t ie building ,of

-, V'moldsuponthe -falsework during the prog. ress of-erecting the bridge `structure to produce-the arch of' suchst'ructure.

, To .i rovide for thereception of the segmenta arch sections and EC bythe abutments of vthe bridge, I utilize segment sha edsocket plates 24 that. are provided wit radial'lianges 24a attached to the reinforcing frameworkfor ribs of the abu'tinents of the b'ridg'e structure and at.the ends of thecantaliver-arms of the abutment in the instance of the abutment A. These socket plates are preferably rovided withwings 25,

III, that extend rearthrough. which bolts may' be passed to Y connect the socket plates to the reinforcingframeworkiof the abutnients, the slots pro- '.viding'for'anydesired lateral adjustment of the socket plates vin mounting them.

VNZ'-'arefy rotective sheets ofnon-corrosive y AIluiaterial aving iian ves 27t lapping the '40 edges ofthe socket p ates 24 an that are applied to thev faces-of the socket plates 24 and which, y.1n connection with the socket. plates-.areembedded within the concrete -of the abutments so that the socket plateis` sealed .from thefair, thereby preventing corrosion or rusting ofthe plates.

. The series lof. arch sections Ev and the vseries of arch sections E in the bridge structure are individually united by brace .and tie-rods 28, vsee Fig. XII, which are l.preferably secured to the ribs of the arch sections throughthe medium of cross rods 29 fitted to the extrado and'intrado rods of theA archv sections and to which the brace. and 5 5 tie rods are riveted or otherwise secured. The arch sections in sets are bound together by tief bolts 28 'extending transversely through the sections. After the segmental arch sections have been tied together in the manner just explained, cross .Walls-130, see Figs. I and II, of concrete are molded -between the arch sections'to stiffen the arch and these cross Walls are extended uwardl as seen inFig. to points abovey t e: arc 6 5 sections and united by--a supers tructurc 31 l reinforced concrete slab extending under envcircular skewbacr or portion 4of hinge seof concretefthat contains longitudinal andtransverse reinforcingI framework 32, see rigid. i l

nFigs. -XII-I and XIV I have shown a modification of the abutment socket bearing for the segmentalarch sections of my bridge'structure in which.- a socket plate or frame -24 is utilized and anti-friction rollers 33 are mounted' in said plate or frame" to receive the hinge plates at the abutment ends of the segmental arch sections.

It will be'seen that in the construction of the-abutment of my bridge structure the. invert -acts as a compression member While the arch of the. abutment follows the line` of thrust of the span arch and is in com pression.v The cantaliver arm is in tension until the pair of ribs are inserted into sockets at ends *of cantaliver arm, then cantaliver arm becomes partvof large or span arch cantaliver arm is in compression also that said invert is strong enough to receive the thrust from the large arch that depends for its su port upon the cantaliver arm.

1. In a bridge construction, a reinforced concrete abutment comprising a large, thick tire abutment, a portion of which vslab forms. an .invertof an arch that is takenvout of the abutment, leaving an arch with two piers resting on invert slab; the. outside pier have` ing a cantaliver armV extending outwardlyfrom it and which forms a ortion of a large trados of portions of large arch; said cantalivenarm havni at its extremity a semicurely bolted to longitudinal reinforcing; 105 said abutrruent being built in longitudinalA reinforced 4concrete ribs, reinforced with crossl walls and horizontal reinforced floors which form compartments in .abutment which may be filled with sahd or rock to save concrete material. f'

f2. In a bridge construction, a concrete arch section having lower and upper longitudinal ribs each consisting of a pair 'of rods, crossed strut plates extending across the lower and upper ribs, and stays extending around the lower and upper ribs at the crossing'of the strut plates.

3. In a bridge construction, an arch comprising segmental concrete arch sections having reinforcing ribs therein comprising longitudinal lower and upper rods arranged in y airs,-strut plates interposed between thev ower and upper rods in said pairs, andstays connecting saidv lower and upper rods; said 'strut v "throng stantially asset forth.

" -4.- In a bridge construction, anarch' com` prisingsegmental 'concretefarch sections' 1,30,y l

lates having extensions projecting4 l the extrados of Said section, lsi'ib-1V j 100 arch, and the -soilit of whlch forms the'inf i pairs; said strut plates being disposed diag- 'onally between the lower and upper rods at one side of'each rib and being disposed diago nally but in a reverse direction between the4 lower and upper rods at the opposite side of cach rib, substanti-rlly as set forthf 5. In a bridge construction, an arch comprising segmental concrete arch sections having reinforcing ribs therein comprising longitudinal lower and upper rods arranged in pairs, crossed strut plates interposed between the lower' and upper rods of said pairs, stays extending around and-connecting said lower and upper. rods at the crossing of the strut plates and wires by which said lower and upper rods are bound together in pairs, substantially as set forth. v

6. In a bridge construction, an arch comprising an abutment having a cantaliver arm containing reinforcing members, hinge socket plates lprovided with slotted wings adapted to be adjustably secured to the reinforcing members of said cantaliver arm and adapted to receive an arch member of the bridge structure,- substantially as set forth.

7. In a bridge construction, a pair of mating concrete arch sections having hinge plates at their crown endsI the hinge plate of one of the sections being provided with pocketsand the hinge plate 'of the other section being provided with pins having heads adapted to enter the pockets in the mating', l

hinge plate, substantially as set forth. A v

8. A concrete abutment formed with an arch having reinforcing ribsv and cross ties,l a

lstay frame having upwardlyF extending rein-V forcing members andl trussing members,` a

masia cantaliver arm having longitudinal reinforci ing tie members, transverse reinforcing tie members, and vertical reinforcing trussing members, and an invert having longitudinal reinforcing members and transverse Areinforcing members.v

9. A concrete abutment formed with anvv larch having reinforcing ribs and cross ties, a

stay frame having upwardly extending reinforcing members and trussing. members, a cantaliver arm having longitudinal reinforcing tie members, transverse reinforcing tie.

members, vertical reinforcing trussing members, concrete cross webs, concrete longitudinal webs and concrete floor webs and an invert having longitudinal 4reinforcing members and transverse reinforcing members.

10: A concrete abutment formed with an arch having reinforcing ribs and cross ties, a r

stay frame having upwardly extending remforcing and trussing members, a cantaliver arm having longitudinal reinforcing tie members, transverse reinforcing 'tie members,

vertical reinforcing trussing members, segment shaped socket plates, having wings connected to the frame work of the cantaliver arm, and an invert having longitudinal reinforcing vmembers and"transverse reinforcing members. i,

11. A bridge .construction comprising a 4concrete abutment formed witha cantaliv'er arm havingreinforcing framework, segmental shaped soc et plates having wings `connected to the framework of the cantaliver'arm, and

an arch section yhaving semi-'circular hinge 

